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Contents
About the Book
For two decades, Dr. Danielle Ofri has cared for patients at Bellevue,
the oldest public hospital in the country and a crossroads for the world's cultures.
In Medicine in Translation, she introduces us, in vivid, moving portraits,
to the patients she has known. They have braved language barriers, religious
and racial divides, and the emotional and practical difficulties of exile in
order to access quality health care. Living and dying in the foreign country
we call home, they have much to teach us about the American way, in sickness
and in health.
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About the Author
Danielle Ofri is an attending physician at Bellevue Hospital and the cofounder
and editor-in-chief of the Bellevue Literary Review. Her work has been
published in Best American Essays, Best American Science Writing,
the New York Times, Los Angeles Times, New England Journal
of Medicine, and Lancet, and has aired on National Public Radio.
Her previous books are Singular Intimacies and Incidental Findings.
Ofri lives in New York City. To read more about Danielle Ofri, visit her web
site, DanielleOfri.com.
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Questions for Discussion
- What do you think this book is actually about? Immigration? Medicine? Multiculturalism?
Work-family balance? City hospitals? Is it simply a memoir?
- Discuss the ethical dilemmas in the story of Julia Barquero. On page 134,
the author says that if a close friend of hers died awaiting a heart transplant
while a heart went to an undocumented immigrant, she'd be furious at the injustice.
"Of course Julia Barquero wasn't just any random undocumented immigrant;
she was the real person sitting in front of me, the patient I was caring for.
Of course she deserved a heart transplant for the simple reason that she was
going to die without one. This conclusion was patently obvious to me. It was
simply ethically just." The author wonders whether this is "practicing
ethics by anecdote." The Hippocratic oath stresses the primacy of helping
one's patient. How should doctors navigate the conflict between doing what's
best for society and advocating for their individual patients?
- There are many stories of survivors of torture in this book. What issues
do these patients raise for the doctor? For our society at large? What responsibility—if
any—do those who are far removed from the torture have toward the victims?
- The theme of music is threaded throughout the book. What is the role of
music in Dr. Ofri's life beyond just being a hobby? How do you compare occupations
that make obvious contributions to society—medicine, construction, education—to
those that make less tangible (one could even say frivolous) contributions—music,
literature, art?
- In the beginning of the book, Dr. Chan and Mrs. Geng appear to be "stereotypical"
Chinese immigrants—humble, unassuming, docile. Were you surprised by
the turn of events with Dr. Chan? Do you think his character changed over
time, or did Dr. Ofri simply not see this aspect of him earlier on? Was she
stereotyping him?
- What do you think about Dr. Ofri's decision to move to Costa Rica, even
after she learned she was pregnant? How did the year abroad shape her life?
Was her impression of Costa Rica distorted by a rose-tinted expatriate experience?
- In Costa Rica, Dr. Ofri finds a respite from the chaotic life in New York,
from the strains of medicine. Not working in the hospital allowed her to pursue
writing and music. On page 117 she says "it seemed so tantalizingly simple
to let [medicine] float away." What do you make of that statement? Does
it change how you feel about her commitment to her profession?
- Religion comes up frequently in this book. How forthcoming should physicians
be about their religion (or other personal details)? In what ways might discussing
topics such as religion be detrimental or beneficial to the doctor-patient
relationship? Are there any ethical considerations? Are there examples of
spirituality—both within and beyond the context of religion—that
impact the characters in this book?
- Issues of language, translation, and interpretation are a major theme of
the book. Dr. Ofri frequently finds herself in a dilemma, because she speaks
Spanish fairly well, but not fluently. With Señoras Estrella and Ortiz
she has trouble following their convoluted stories (pp. 51–59). Should
she have stopped the momentum of the patient's story to obtain an interpreter,
or should she have let the patient continue despite her inability to follow
everything that was being said? Is there a legal issue here? An ethical issue?
- Translation and interpretation confusions extend to issues beyond language.
It is often said that doctors are interpreters of the language and culture
of medicine. Find some examples in the book of both linguistic and nonlinguistic
translation confusion.
- For many doctors, being a physician is a way of life rather than a career.
The concept of "physicianhood" defines them, and patients always
come first. There is a similarly potent sense of parenthood: most parents
feel that they would lay down their lives for their children without question.
What happens when these two callings collide? For an overworked physician
with children, every extra moment spent with a patient can mean a moment directly
subtracted from their children. Is there an ethical issue here? A societal
issue?
- At one point Dr. Ofri wonders whether she is bending over backwards too
much for her patients who are immigrants, concerned that she might be acting
like whites who are "extra nice" to blacks to show just how unracist
they are. Do you get that sense from this book?
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